綜觀近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)閱讀題，盡管推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，但細(xì)節(jié)仍然占有較大比例，而且已由過去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語(yǔ)句的同義或反義轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)考查同學(xué)們對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的理解能力，因此難度比往年有所增加。本文擬就細(xì)節(jié)題的不同類型談?wù)勂浣忸}技巧。

　　一、語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換題——跳讀查找法

　　這是做事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題最基本也是最常用的方法。在通常情況下，細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查考生對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，同學(xué)們?nèi)裟芨鶕?jù)題干內(nèi)容從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，然后進(jìn)行比較和分析，便可確定最佳答案。

　　運(yùn)用跳讀查找法時(shí)，同學(xué)們要特別注意試題(包括選項(xiàng))與原文之間的適當(dāng)變換。根據(jù)近幾年的考題情況來(lái)看，現(xiàn)在很少有直接用原文中的句子進(jìn)行考查和測(cè)試的，而通常要進(jìn)行一定的處理。而這種“處理”主要就是指進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換，其中包括同義變換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)等。請(qǐng)看下面的例子(重慶高考英語(yǔ)試題)：

　　“My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy，” says a second-grade teacher in Saugus，California.“Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course.” These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program(CBEP)，a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading，writing and math skills，and more.

　　The children don’t just plan any city. They map and analyze(分析) the housing，energy，and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect(建筑師) who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations.“Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom，”says the teacher who developed this program.“They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame，because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact，as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program，an elected ‘official’ and ‘planning group’ make all the design decisions for the model city，and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser.”

　　CBEP is a set of activities，games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving：observing，analyzing，working out possible answers，and judging them based on the children’s own standards.

　　1.An architect pays a weekly visit to the classroom________ .

　　A.to find out kids’ creative ideas B. to discuss with the teacher

　　C.to give children lecturesD. to help kids with their program

　　2.Who is the designer of the program?

　　A.An official.B. An architect.C. A teacher.D. A scientist.

　　【解題分析】

　　1.選 D。根據(jù)第2段中的 With the aid of an architect who visits the classroom once a week，they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations 可知答案為 D。句中的 aid 意為“幫助”，與 help 同義。

　　2.選 C。根據(jù)第2段中的... the teacher who developed this program 可知答案選 C。develop 與 design 在此大致同義。

　　命題特點(diǎn)

　　高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題型的分值要占高考英語(yǔ)總分的40/150，是所有題型中占分比例最大的一道題。閱讀理解能否得高分，是成績(jī)好壞的關(guān)鍵。閱讀理解題的考查主要是從兩個(gè)方面測(cè)試考生的理解能力。

　　1.客觀理解：即對(duì)所給材料中具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。

　　2.主觀理解：即通過閱讀短文，對(duì)文中主旨、主題、中心思想和作者意圖、態(tài)度及語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系等深層意義上的理解，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷。

　　錯(cuò)題攻略

　　易錯(cuò)題型一歸納概括主題

　　典例1 (2007年廣東卷)Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

　　A.How to Live Truthfully

　　B.Importance of Peacefulness

　　C.Ways of Gaining Self-respect

　　D.Happiness through Honorable Actions

　　【命題意圖】歸納概括中心主旨的題目是高考必考題目，考查考生通過理解、總結(jié)、歸納，找出文章中心意思的能力。

　　【解題思路】正確答案為D。做這類試題要求考生不僅要區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息，跳出一詞一句，俯瞰全文，找出主題句(一般來(lái)說(shuō)在文章的句首與句尾)，而且要善于概括文章的中心思想(通常是一個(gè)完整的句子，能全面準(zhǔn)確地概括文章的中心主旨)。通常最佳題目可以是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)詞組，它不僅能概括文章的中心主旨，還有吸引讀者、引發(fā)閱讀興趣的任務(wù)。

　　【失分警示】解答此類閱讀理解題時(shí)，考生一定要注意運(yùn)用找主題句的閱讀方法，留意文章句首和句尾的主題句。如文章中沒有主題句，則要把所有的細(xì)節(jié)綜合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納出文章的中心大意。