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D
　　It has become the modern substitute of glancing at your watch—the furtive(偷偷的)look at a phone screen to check for new messages or have a quick look at Facebook．Researchers have now found why we often feel such a strong urge to glance at our handset．Using your mobile，they say，is easily affected by other people．
　　A University of Michigan team say people are twice as likely to pull out their phones to check their messages or emails if they’re with someone who has just done the same．It also found that females were more likely to use their mobile than men because it was more ‘consistent’ with the daily lives of women．
　　The team watched students in dining halls and coffee shops around campus，observing pairs of students sitting at tables for as long as 20 minutes and recorded their cellphone use at 1 0-second intervals．
　　“What we found most interesting was just how often people were using their mobile phones，” Dr Daniel Kruger， the study’s co-author, said．“Every person we observed used his／her phone at least once while one woman was on hers about half of the time．You may see others checking their incoming messages and be encouraged to check your own．’’
　　Overall，the students used their cellphones in an average of 24 percent，the researchers found．But they were significantly more likely to use their phones(39．5 percent)when their companion had just done so in the previous 10-second interval than without the social clue，the researchers said，adding that this behavior was often repeated．
　　Cell phones create an alternative way for one’s attention and may both promote and interrupt ongoing social activities，the researchers wrote．
　　Kruger believes this pattern could be related to the effects of social acceptance and rejection．If one person in a pair engages in another conversation through their phone，his or her companion may feel rejected．That companion then might be forced to connect with others from outside so as not to feel left out．
56. People’s strong desire to check their messages partly results from ___________．
A．the modern substitute of their watches
B．the new messages of their handsets
C．the same behavior of other people
D．the update service of Facebook
57．Why do women use their phones more frequently?
A．They want to show off their modern mobiles．
B．They are more likely to be influenced by others．
C．They try to set a good example for others．
D．They desire to meet the demands of society．
58．How might one feel when his companion is busy checking messages?
A．Relaxed．        B．Ashamed．
C．Surprised．    D．Ignored．
59. The underlined part“this behavior” in Paragraph 5 refers to _______________．
A．using the cellphones    B．receiving social clues
C. joining in activities   D．engaging in conversations
60．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A．Social Acceptance And Rejection
B．Females Use Mobiles More than Men
C．How Do People Check Messages?
D．Cellphone Use Is Spreading
E
　　The preventive measures for forest fires include some preemptive(搶先)methods that can help reduce the risks of fires and control their severity and spread，and thus, maintain ecological balance and protect resources．Close monitoring of forest fires caused by natural factors can help prevent their spread to a large extent．To contain forest fires，fire departments usually use water and chemical fire retardants(抑制劑)that can be dropped from planes and helicopters．To control the spread of a wildfire．firefighters usually create a control line by removing all fuel from an area so that the fire cannot travel across it．
　　Controlled burns are often employed by government authorities to reduce fuel buildup，and clean up the fallen leaves，and thus，prevent the spread of forest fires to a vast area．Regular controlled burns can also help maintain biodiversity(生物多樣性)，as the smoke and heat produced in the process can facilitate(促進)the growth of seeds of certain plant species．Apart from these，responsible human behavior can help reduce the number of forest fires to a great extent．In fact，we can reduce the number of wildfires dramatically by not leaving behind any source of fire in the forest.
　　Forest fires can affect climate and weather to a great extent，besides causing severe damage to valuable trees．Wildfires can increase the level of greenhouse gases(water vapor, carbon dioxide，etc)，and therefore increase pollution and global warming．However, they are also an important part of the ecosystem，and many plants depend on the heat and smoke generated by wildfires for their growth and reproduction．But large wildfires can cause extensive damage to the ecosystem，which again highlights the importance of effective control and prevention of forest fires·
61．What may be the best title for this passage?
A．Control and Prevention of Forest Fires
B．How to Keep Ecological Balance
C．Effects of Forest Fires
D．Methods of Fire Spread Control
62．Firefighters get rid of all fuel in all area in order to ____________．
A．keep close monitoring of forest fires
B．prevent the forest fire from occurring
C．protect the animals there
D．stop the wildfire from spreading
63．The government arranges some controlled burns to_______________．
A．burn the rubbish and keep the forest clean
B．help keep ecological balance of nature
C．reduce fuel buildup and limit forest fires spread
D．provide reasonable conditions for some plants’growth
64．A controlled forest fire may play a positive role because ________________.
A．a(chǎn) new forest will appear soon
B．it promotes the development of some seeds
C．nature keeps its balance only by wildfires
D．it makes the trees grow faster than before
65．The last paragraph tells us that _______________．
A．the greenhouse gases are caused mainly by wildfires
B．wildfires have both positive and negative effects
C．people should be aware of the necessity of wildfires
D．a(chǎn)ll the valuable trees disappear owing to wildfires
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